In the United States, medical cannabis is permitted by certain state, territorial, Indian and District of Columbia laws, but medical and recreational use is prohibited by federal laws. Despite the fact that federal law controls and enacts laws,[5] the Obama administration has decided not to prosecute users in accordance with local medical and recreational marijuana laws. [6] [7] In 2017, the federal government was unable to interfere with local medical marijuana laws. [8] The main health risks associated with the marijuana use studied are:3 Long-term marijuana use has been linked to mental illness, including: While the spread of legal marijuana may lead to increased use, it does not necessarily have a net negative effect on public health. In fact, the new paper concludes that marijuana is often used to replace alcohol, the use of which contributes to about 95,000 deaths a year in the United States. Compared to those who do not use marijuana, those who do so frequently and in large numbers report the following: On January 1, 2017, the legal sale of recreational marijuana began in the state of Colorado, which became the first public marijuana market in the United States. [13] Since February 2015, Washington has been legally allowed by anyone over the age of 21 to consume cannabis privately, grow six plants, and possess up to 56 grams. However, Congress has prevented the community from regulating the purchase and sale of recreational cannabis, so they remain prohibited and the black market continues to grow. While these results support the idea that marijuana is a drug that serves as a „gateway” to other drugs, most people who use marijuana do not continue to use other, stronger drugs. It is also important to note that in addition to biological mechanisms, there are other factors – such as the social environment in which a person develops – that are also essential to the risk of drug use and dependence. For more information on marijuana as a gateway to other drugs, check out our marijuana research report.
In 2005, President Vicente Fox sent a legislative reform to the Chamber of Deputies to decriminalize this type of consumption as well. [ref. This initiative was adopted with several reforms in April 2006 and stipulates, among other things, that the police cannot punish those who have up to five grams of marijuana in their possession, although in April 2009 the Congress of the Union decriminalized the possession of up to five grams of this plant exclusively for personal consumption. as part of a reform package to make the fight against drug trafficking more effective. This decision proved controversial because it is considered contradictory to declare war on the producers and sellers of illegal drugs and to allow their personal use. In addition, it is up to the authority to determine who is a drug trafficker and how society ignores his rights and obligations, which leads the authorities to torture and extortion to detect drug traffickers. [ref. needed] The Canadian Senate approved the legalization of cannabis in June 2018. From October 17, production and consumption will be allowed in the country. This makes Canada the first G20 country to endorse the free use and production of marijuana. [22] Since 1986, the dose has been legalized for personal use, which equates to a maximum of 20 pots of cannabis in porous geotextiles for growers of all kinds in each soil. 20 cannabis plants is the maximum allowed in Colombia.
[41] The limit for dried flower is 20 grams of marijuana,[42] until 2018, when the confiscation of the personal dose by public authorities from its owners began, with the aim of confiscating the substance without punishing its carrier. In November 2015, the production and marketing of cannabis for medical and scientific purposes was approved and legalized by presidential decree. [43] On 25. In May 2016, the Congress of the Republic legalized the medical use of cannabis in order to expand the legal framework and legally protect the presidential decree of November 2015. In 1994, C-221 decriminalized the personal consumption of doses. [44] The relationship between adolescent cannabis use and psychosocial harms is likely to be multidimensional; High marijuana use is associated with lower incomes, greater need for socio-economic support, unemployment, criminal behaviour, and lower life satisfaction. Marijuana can also be mixed with foods (marijuana edibles) – such as chocolate cakes, cookies or treats – or drunk as an infusion as if it were a tea. A popular new method of consumption is smoking or eating various forms of high-THC resins (see „Marijuana concentrates”). Already in 2020, recreational marijuana use was legalized in 11 of the states: Alaska, California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Colorado, Michigan, Illinois, Massachusetts, Maine and Vermont, in addition to Washington, DC. [14] In the November 3, 2020 general election, four other states voted to legalize recreational marijuana use: New Jersey, South Dakota, Montana, and Arizona. [15] On March 30, 2021, New York passed the law legalizing recreational marijuana use for children 21 years of age and older. [16] However, possession, purchase and sale remain illegal at the federal level.
The market is estimated at $22 billion by 2020 (up from $4.6 billion in 2014). [12] Adolescent marijuana use is particularly problematic due to the increased susceptibility reported in all studies of long-term side effects. This is related to the fact that the endocannabinoid system shows active development during adolescence. Early and regular marijuana use predicts an increased risk of addiction and an increased risk of other illicit drug use. Those who start using during puberty are about two to four times more likely to be addicted to cannabis within 2 years of first use.4 The National Service for the Prevention and Rehabilitation of Drug and Alcohol Use (SENDA) announced that the results of the 10th National Study on Drugs in the School Population, conducted between October and December 20135, included 58,000 students, showing a significant increase in marijuana use compared to the same measure in 2011. 19.5% of respondents reported using marijuana at least once this year, a figure that rose to 30.6% in 2013, with a larger increase in private paid facilities (14.6% versus 26.2%). This increase is consistent with a decrease in risk perception (48% in 2011 and 21.1% in 2013). People also report less academic and professional success. For example, marijuana use is associated with a higher probability of dropping out of school.18 It is also associated with increased absenteeism from work and more accidents and injuries.19 Uruguay legalized marijuana use nationwide in 2013. There, pharmacies across the country act as outlets for the product, which has been grown by just two state-licensed companies, Symbiosis and Iccorp.
Buyers can buy up to 40 grams per month. Residents can register as „original growers” or set up „grow clubs” to grow up to 480 grams per person per year. But these local producers cannot sell to pharmacies. In Chile, 20% of marijuana users are problem users. For 60% of teens on drug treatment, marijuana is the main prescription drug. For illegal teens in treatment, marijuana accounts for 39 percent and base paste 33 percent. Some people who use marijuana develop a marijuana use disorder, which means they can`t stop using it, even if it causes them health and social problems. Some brain regions are more sensitive to the long-term effects of marijuana than others, and this negative effect on brain connectivity is more pronounced when initiated in adolescence or early adulthood, which may help explain the finding of a link between frequent marijuana use and a significant drop in IQ. The vulnerability of the adolescent is neurobiological, psychological and social. A cohort of adolescents under 17 years of age using daily or without marijuana use, observed and compared up to age 30 (n = 2537 compared to n = 3765), found a lower probability of obtaining a high school and college diploma, a high probability of marijuana dependence and subsequent use of illicit substances, and a higher likelihood of suicide attempts among the consumer group.6 .