Jerry Goodstein and Kenneth D. Butterfield discuss the importance of restorative justice in the working groups. Restorative justice is the collaborative process of restoring victims, reintegrating offenders, and repairing the entire community for ethical misconduct. Goodstein and Butterfield explore the nuanced goals of this process and its links to moral concepts such as forgiveness, atonement, moral relationships, and self-respect. Read more about collective rights, labor rights, and labor history by examining the International Fund for Labor Rights in www.laborrights.org/ Some defenders of capitalism have responded to the accusation that capitalism is morally unjustified because it creates so many inequalities using the following argument: Ethical theories aim to provide all the help needed for a comprehensive ethical analysis, are the means of a concrete guideline for decision-making. Each theory has its own points, objectives and consequences. Utilitarianism is defined by Shawn and Barry as the theory that takes into account anyone who might be affected by actions. (Shaw and Barry, 59) Action utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism are the two types presented by Shawn and Barry. The utilitarianism of the act is all about happiness and determining results: the consequences of good deeds should make all people stronger.
The utilitarianism of the rules also emphasizes the importance of positive outcomes, but is more or less flexible. Rules are important to society and have a certain moral weight. Robert Nozick, an American philosopher, presented the „theory of claim” in 3 parts, in which he demonstrated his belief that „free market exchange respects people as equals.” (Johnson) Three main principles must be taken into account: the principle of acquisition (a person should be entitled to a stake if he acquires this participation according to the principle of equity at the time of acquisition); the principle of transfer (a person may be entitled to an interest if he acquires that interest in accordance with the principle of fairness in the transfer of another person who is already entitled to the same participation); the principle of correction (no one can be entitled to participation given principles #1 and #2). According to Robert Nozick, property rights exist before all social agreements and are morally precursors of all legislative decisions that a society could make. Chapter 1 takes a close look at the problems that arise from the actual places where we work. We all spend much of our waking lives in workplaces where we cultivate friendships (and sometimes enemies), develop shared responsibilities, make promises, and keep (or don`t keep) important commitments. What is the moral nature of the workplace? Norman E. Bowie goes on to explain German Enlightenment scholar Immanuel Kant`s idea that people should always be treated as an „end in itself.” Because people are the source of moral authority, Bowie argues, they should be treated with respect at all times. One way to understand what it means to treat another person morally is to ask: Do I respect that person as another person? Do I treat this person with dignity? The maximum rule for making decisions is that a person must find an alternative whereby the worst things that happen to that person turn out to be better than the worst things that happen to the same person under another alternative. Therefore, it is necessary to „maximize the minimum you will receive”. (Shaw, 229) The chapter concludes with several cases that address concrete issues in the workplace: staying true to one`s values during job interviews, the morality of an appropriate dismissal, the relevance of an employee`s privacy to an employer, the inclusion of biased clients, personal attractions in a work context, and the protection of privacy at work.
John Rawls` theory of justice aims to explain ideas about how society should be structured, what the duties of the individual are, and what advantages people can have in the economic and social spheres. One of the important features of distributive justice theory is equality, so every person should have the same rights to achieve positive results in all areas of life. Another feature that plays an important role is the idea of social and economic inequalities. These inequalities are inherent in individuals to benefit one of them and lead another to reach the same position. Arlie Hochschild explains how emotions circulate in the workplace. In many jobs, Hochschild writes, part of the good job is to deal with emotions that might be expressed differently outside of the workplace. Think, for example, of the famous kindness of the model flight attendant: always calm, always polite and always patient. Acting in this way is part of what makes a flight attendant a good flight attendant.
But how does managing emotions affect self-esteem and humanity? When does managing emotions make a person „inauthentic”? The rawls theory of distributive justice is a form of utilitarianism. The „veil of ignorance” is a method proposed by Rawls to clarify which social practices can be just and unjust. The key to this method is that any rule can only be in the event that everyone can accept it, taking into account their ignorance of their positions in society. Race, gender, ancestry and wealth should therefore be set aside to create a just society. Such an omission of critically important issues plays an important role in distributive justice theory. According to Shaw and Barry, the utilitarian should consider several things to promote human happiness: Learn more about the nature and history of the „work ethic” in workethic.coe.uga.edu/ The United States is a global leader in executive compensation. Read about the importance of forgiveness in the workplace in www.forbes.com/sites/davidkwilliams/2015/01/05/forgiveness-the-least-understood-leadership-trait-in-the-workplace-2/#16370474b3f2 we get what we want from others simply by offering them something they need from us Read the story of child labor at www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/index.html David Sirota, Louis A. Mishkind, and Michael Irwin. The enthusiastic employee: How companies benefit by giving people what they want.