The 1918 rice riots in Japan were sparked when port workers refused to load rice and joined other workers. This led to a long struggle and a political crisis. In China, several thousand workers at 70 silk factories in Shanghai went on strike in 1922, demanding higher wages and a ten-hour workday; It was the first major strike by Chinese workers. In India and Sri Lanka, women workers actively participated in militant industrial unrest and strikes in the years following the First World War. To cite just one example from the region, the most militant activists of the Ceylon Labour Union, which led strikes in Sri Lanka in the 1920s, were factory workers in Colombo; They dressed in red, were the loudest strikers and pickets, and formed a bodyguard for male union leaders during demonstrations. In Iran, Egypt, and Turkey, women should unite with men in forming left-wing political groups and trade unions, despite repression and unfavorable conditions for popular mobilization.8 Free markets are defined in principle and practice by private property rights, voluntary contracts, and tenders for goods and services on the market. This framework contrasts with public ownership of property, coercive activity, and the fixed or controlled distribution of goods and services. In the absence of central planning, a legal system of free enterprise tends to produce capitalism, although it is possible that voluntary socialism or even agrarianism will result. In capitalist economies like the United States, consumers and producers individually determine the goods and services they produce and those they buy. Contracts are concluded voluntarily and may even be performed privately; For example, by the civil courts. Tenders determine market prices. In an economically free society, the primary task of government is to protect individuals and their property from aggression by others. The EFW Index is intended to measure the extent to which a country`s institutions and policies are compatible with this protective function and the freedom of individuals to make their own economic decisions.
In other words, the EFW measure is an attempt to identify exactly how a country`s institutions and policies conform to a limited governmental ideal, in which the government protects property rights and organizes the provision of a limited number of „public goods” such as national defense and access to a currency of solid value. but little beyond these essential functions. The U.S. economic system of free enterprise is based on five main principles: the freedom of individuals to choose companies, the right to private property, profits as an incentive, competition, and consumer sovereignty. Another definition of free enterprise is related to economics and was proposed by Nobel laureate Friedrich Hayek. Hayek described such systems as a „spontaneous order.” Hayek`s view was that free enterprise is not unplanned or unregulated; On the contrary, planning and regulation stem from the coordination of decentralized knowledge among countless specialists, not bureaucrats. Animal tanning is an important export industry in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Tanning is listed as one of the most dangerous industries in the state Factories Act; It is considered seven times more dangerous than the next industry on the list. The employment of children and women in this sector is prohibited.
However, a study of the tannery industry in the state found that a large number of women are employed illegally. They are also involved in the most dangerous stage of production. Since her job is illegal, she is hidden. They are never registered as employees, so they have no rights or any form of protection under existing labor laws. 4 The right to be treated equally with men in domestic and family matters is essential to women`s economic and social freedom. The Women`s Convention remains the instrument with the most reservations from Governments ratifying international human rights conventions. The fact that almost all reservations relate to the spirit of the Convention, which calls for changing the inequality of power relations between men and women in the private sphere, argues in favour of resistance to this area of women`s rights. The experiences of women around the world indicate that it is impossible for them to enjoy their ESC rights due to situations where their freedom and autonomy are restricted. For example, a worker`s ability to work freely to work, receive equal pay, organize, or be an active member of a workers` organization is limited by the requirement for a clearly defined role for the worker within the family and community. Social expectations that she fulfills her role as a wife, housewife and mother combine with cultural sanctions that limit her mobility and ability to interact with male colleagues on an equal footing in public spaces.
Together, they create a situation in which a worker`s ability to become a leader in the labour movement is seriously hampered. Therefore, emphasizing the indivisibility of human rights is an essential element of women`s activism. The cornerstones of economic freedom are (1) personal choice, (2) voluntary exchanges coordinated by markets, (3) freedom to enter and compete in markets, and (4) the protection of individuals and their property from attack by others. Individuals enjoy economic freedom when the property they acquire without violence, fraud or theft is protected from physical interference by others, and they are free to use, exchange or give away their property, as long as their actions do not violate the identical rights of others.