a principle that allows a person to benefit from a promise given even in the absence of a legally binding contract A written statement filed in judicial or appellate proceedings explaining a party`s legal and factual arguments. A group of citizens who hear evidence presented by both parties in court and investigate disputed facts. The federal criminal jury is composed of 12 people. The civil juries of the Confederation are composed of at least six persons. Legal If property reverts to its former owner, it is returned to that owner A report prepared by a court`s probation officer after a person has been convicted of a crime, summarizing for the court the general information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. A legal procedure to deal with the debt problems of individuals and companies; in particular, a case filed under one of the chapters of title 11 of the United States Code. An agreement in which a legal representative controls the money of a person such as a government official who does not receive specific information about how his money is managed – The procedure in which judges and lawyers choose a small jury from among those who have the right by questioning them to determine knowledge of the facts of the case and willingness to rule solely on the basis of the evidence presented to the court. „See to say” is an expression that means „to tell the truth”. Legal The process by which a place returns to a previous owner or government a legal review to demonstrate that the cause of action was not only actually, but also legally the cause of a particular outcome. The legal classification of unsecured claims of the Insolvency Code, which determines the order in which unsecured claims are paid, If there is not enough money to pay, all unsecured claims in full. a person or entity that has someone to represent it in legal and commercial matters, a fact or set of facts sufficient to warrant legal action Section 707(b)(2) of the Insolvency Law applies a „means test” to determine whether registration of an individual debtor under Chapter 7 is considered an abuse of the insolvency law; which requires that the case be dismissed or commuted (usually in Chapter 13). Abuse is suspected if the debtor`s total current monthly income (as defined above) over 5 years, less certain legally eligible expenses, is greater than (i) $10,000 or (ii) 25% of the debtor`s non-priority unsecured debt, provided that this amount is at least $6,000. The debtor can only rebut a presumption of abuse by proving special circumstances justifying additional expenses or adjustments to current monthly income.
The chapter of the Insolvency Code, which provides for the settlement of debts of a „family farmer” or „family fisher”, as defined in the Insolvency Act. Legal Situation in which lawyers, doctors and other professionals are allowed to keep their conversations with legally confidential persons Written statements filed with the court outlining a party`s legal or factual claims regarding the case. A full-time lawyer hired by federal courts to legally defend defendants who cannot afford a lawyer. The judiciary administers the Federal Defence Counsel Programme in accordance with criminal law. Contracts or leases where both parties still have obligations to fulfill. If a contract or lease is enforceable, a debtor can take it back (keep the contract) or reject it (terminate the contract). Generally refers to two events in individual bankruptcy cases: (1) the „individual or group briefing” of a nonprofit budget and credit advisory agency, which individual debtors must participate in before filing under a chapter of the Bankruptcy Code; and (2) the „Personal Financial Management Course” in Chapters 7 and 13, which an individual debtor must complete before debt relief is registered. There are exceptions to both requirements for certain categories of debtors, urgent circumstances, or if the U.S. trustee or receiver has determined that there are not enough licensed credit counselling agencies available to provide the required advice. the legal liability to have caused damage or injury, or to pay legal money that a person involved in a court case must give to help pay the lawyers and the court, usually after losing the case legally something promised or given by a party to a contract in exchange for something, that has been promised or given by another party The law as set out in previous court decisions. Synonymous with precedent. Similar to the common law, which stems from tradition and judicial decisions.
legal to validate a legal document by signing or sealing civil actions in „fairness” rather than „law”. In English legal history, courts of „law” could order the payment of damages and could offer no other remedy (see damages). A separate „fairness” tribunal could order someone to do something or stop something (e.g., injunction). In U.S. jurisprudence, federal courts have both legal and just power, but the distinction is always important. For example, a jury trial is generally available in „legal cases,” but not in „fairness” cases. Grand jury – A panel of citizens who hear evidence of criminal charges presented by the government and determine whether there are probable reasons to believe the crime was committed. As used in federal criminal cases, „the government” refers to lawyers in the U.S. Attorney`s Office who are pursuing the case.
Trial before a grand jury is closed to the public and the person suspected of having committed the crime is not allowed to be present or have a lawyer present. States are not required to appoint grand juries, but the federal government must do so under the Constitution. Formally participating legally in a mock legal case, usually as part of a law student`s training, quid pro quo means „something given or received for something else.” It is not inherently illegal to give or receive something in exchange for something else, but in legal contexts, the quid pro quo often refers to something that is actually illegal, such as when a company gives money to a government official in exchange for obtaining a contract that should legitimately be given to the company. who is best placed to meet the requirements of the contract. Chapter of the Insolvency Code that provides for „liquidation”, i.e. the sale of a debtor`s non-exempt assets and the distribution of the proceeds to creditors. To be eligible for Chapter 7, the debtor must pass a „means test”. The court assesses the debtor`s income and expenses to determine whether the debtor can sue under Chapter 7.
legal to officially state that you believe something is true, right, or real A court decision in a previous case with facts and legal issues similar to a dispute currently pending in court. Judges generally „follow precedents,” that is, they use principles established in previous cases to decide new cases that have similar facts and raise similar legal issues. A judge will disregard precedents if a party can prove that the previous case was ill-decided or that it differs significantly from the current case. legal to prevent or prevent loud or violent behavior in public A court order that prevents one or more named parties from taking action. An injunction is often issued to allow for a finding of fact so that a judge can determine whether a permanent injunction is warranted. Legal damage to your reputation, career, or feelings caused by someone or something: (Sooh-uh Spahn-Tay) Latin adj. for „of one`s own free will,” that is, of one`s own accord, usually refers to a judge`s order made without the request of a party to the case. These include an order to refer a case to another judge because of a conflict of interest, or a decision by the judge that his or her court does not have jurisdiction over the case. A claim for which no specific value has been determined.
Legal to officially tell someone that you intend to do something Many legal terms are subject to interpretation. This law dictionary identifies general definitions of terms found on the websites of the Encyclopedia of Law. It defines common acronyms and contains links to information on important legislation and related legal terms. This legal encyclopedia is updated as new terminologies emerge in this area, new laws are promulgated, and legal terms take on new meanings. Asian Law, „Wish” (legaldictionary.lawin.org 2013) entered on October 12, 2022 Jurisdiction – (1) The legal authority of a court to hear and decide a case. Concurrent jurisdiction exists when two courts have jurisdiction to hear the same case at the same time. Some issues may be brought in state and federal courts. The plaintiff first decides where to file the lawsuit, but in some cases, the defendant may try to change the court.
(2) The geographical area in which the court has jurisdiction to hear cases. For example, a federal court in a state can generally only decide a case arising from lawsuits filed in that state. An action brought by a plaintiff against a defendant based on a claim that the defendant failed to comply with a legal obligation that caused harm to the plaintiff.