Configuration, Maintenance and Procedure Document (CMP) means an FAA-approved document that contains the minimum configuration, operation and maintenance requirements, equipment life limits, and minimum equipment master list (MMEL) restrictions required for an aircraft engine combination to meet ETOPS type approval requirements. With respect to aircraft, engage in the use, cause to be used or permit the use of aircraft for the purposes (except as provided for in § 91.13 of this chapter) of aviation, including the control of aircraft, with or without the right of statutory control (as owner, lessee or otherwise). Balloons were used in the German-French War of 1870-71, and the First Hague Conference of 1899 established a five-year moratorium on the use of balloons in combat operations, which was not extended by the Second Hague Conference (1907). Before the First World War, several countries signed bilateral agreements on the legal status of international flights, and during the war, several countries took the decision to ban flights over their territory. After the war, several competing multilateral treaty regimes were established, including the Paris Convention of 1919, the Ibero-American Convention (1926)[3] and the Havana Convention (1928). [4] The International Air Transport Association (IATA) was founded at a conference in The Hague in 1919 to promote cooperation between airlines in various commercial and legal fields. [2] The stop is an area beyond the runway, no less wide than the runway, centered on the extended runway centreline, capable of assisting the aircraft during an aborted take-off without structural damage to the aircraft, and designated by the airport authorities to brake the aircraft during an aborted take-off. If you or your company are facing an aviation law issue, contact an aviation lawyer immediately to explore your legal options. Flight Stop (IFPD) means, for ETOPS only, when an engine stops working (when the aircraft is in flight) and is shut down, whether it is a self-inflicted engine, initiated by the flight crew or induced by external influence. The FAA considers IFPD for all causes: for example, flame explosion, internal failure, flight crew-initiated shutdown, foreign object capture, icing, inability to maintain or control thrust or desired performance, and take-off control cycles, even briefly, even if the engine is operating normally for the remainder of the flight. This definition excludes an air shutdown from the operation of an engine, immediately followed by automatic re-ignition of the engine and when an engine does not reach the desired thrust or power but is not stopped. 2.
In the context of aircraft certification, `large group of aircraft with similar propulsion, flight or landing characteristics` means. Examples include: aircraft; Rotorcraft; Glider; Ball; land aircraft; and seaplane. Japan enacted a legal regime for civil aviation in 1952 after a brief moratorium during the occupation after World War II. While the first domestic aviation market was poorly regulated and highly competitive, in 1970 the government introduced a regulatory system that limited service to three airlines (Japan Airlines, All Nippon Airways and Japan Air System), with largely distinct markets and strictly regulated tariff levels that minimized competition. U.S. pressure trying to create a new U.S. Airlines in the transpacific market in the 1980s prompted Japan to gradually deregulate its market in the form of cheap package fares and an increased international role for ANA in the 1980s and 1990s, followed by the introduction of new domestic airlines such as Skymark Airlines and Air Do. [6] Final take-off speed is the speed of the aircraft that does not occur at the end of the runway in the route configuration with an engine. operation. (1) For turbine-powered aircraft certified after August 29, 1959, an area beyond the runway, at least 500 feet wide, located centrally around the centreline of the extended runway and under the control of the airport authorities.
The light train is expressed as a plane of clear track extending from the end of the runway with a gradient not exceeding 1.25 % and on which no object or relief protrudes. However, threshold lights may protrude from the aircraft if their height above the end of the runway is 26 inches or less and is located on either side of the runway. L. 98-473, § 2013(a)(2)–(4), added the definitions of „in flight” and „in operation”. ETOPS system means an aircraft system, including the propulsion system, the failure or malfunction of which could affect the safety of an ETOPS flight or the continued safe flight and landing of an aircraft during an ETOPS diversion. Each important ETOPS system is either an important ETOPS group 1 system or an important ETOPS group 2 system. If you are facing an aviation law issue, it is best to hire an experienced aviation lawyer. Many aviation lawyers are also licensed pilots, and some worked as commercial pilots for major airlines. Being represented by someone with practical experience can help you avoid misunderstandings between you and your lawyer about aviation practices and regulations.
The airline industry is highly regulated, and many pilots, shipping companies, and companies that regularly use air travel can struggle to navigate the many rules and laws passed by Congress and imposed by federal agencies. As a result, many companies and individuals hire aviation lawyers before legal issues arise.