As the Library of Congress continued to publish new editions of its code list, it gradually became clear that the National Union Catalog was the only national project that survived the publication of individual bibliographies or specific bibliographic projects. In the absence of other organized efforts on such a scale, it was incumbent upon the Library of Congress to assign new codes to organizations, even if they were only involved in regional projects of one kind or another. For this reason, beginning with the tenth edition, published in 1969, the list of institutional identifiers became known as the Symbols of American Libraries, a title it bore for another quarter century. From the early 1970s, it became common for cooperating institutions to obtain a unique identifier before participating in a bibliographic project that needed it. Responsibility for assigning codes to organizations has been assumed by various departments of the Library of Congress, including the Catalogue Publication Division, its successors, the Catalogue and Publications Management Division and the Enhanced Cataloguing Division. In 1994, the MARC Network and Standards Development Office (NDMSO) took over the assignment of new codes, the maintenance of the list and its availability. Since the codes on the list have been most commonly used in MARC files in recent years, the work of Frank Peterson, Douglas McMurtrie, the authors of the Union List of Serials and many others has found a new home here. The site provides access to the list of MARC codes for organizations by code and organization name. The database address was changed on April 24, 2007. Symbols Used in the Union Catalog of the Library of Congress appeared in 1942 in the fourth edition of Key to Symbols. The title changed slightly with the fifth edition, published in 1953. Its title, Symbols Used in the National Union Catalog of the Library of Congress, was retained until the ninth edition, published in 1965.
The publication of the sixth edition in 1954 coincided with the inauguration of the New Serials and the conversion of Canadian codes from the McMurtrie format to a new system sponsored and maintained by the National Library of Canada. In order to keep the size of the list within reasonable limits, organisations were deleted in subsequent editions if they had not reported to the Union catalogue since the previous edition. One of the main values of the list was denied by this editorial decision. The assignment of duplicate codes has become almost inevitable unless each of the previous editions is consulted. Fortunately, most of the organizations that were abandoned did not resume their reports later. Some of the most complex problems encountered in assigning codes resulted from the lack of cumulative records of assigned codes. This list of organization codes is the latest update to the list previously published as a list of USMARC codes for organizations (1996 edition). It contains the new codes that have been assigned since the last issue. A small number of existing codes have been modified or rendered obsolete. In all cases, previously valid codes are given as references.
The large number of new codes is due to the continued expansion of the use of standard identifiers, both nationally by school libraries (especially for national projects) and internationally, as information is exchanged globally via the Internet. The MARC code list for organizations arose out of the need for institutional standardized codes for various bibliographic projects in the early 20th century. The first of these was written at the beginning of the last century, when Charles Evans wanted to point out that a particular library had one of the titles listed in his American Bibliography (published from 1903 to 1959). He assumed that the abbreviation „BPL” would immediately be identified as a representative of the Boston Public Library or that „HC” could only mean Harvard College to the reader. Before Evans expanded his list of library codes, Joseph Sabin had used his own codes to identify libraries in his Dictionary of Books Relating to America (published from 1867 to 1936). He had used „B” and „H” to represent the Boston Public Library and Harvard College, respectively. Others used codes such as „BoP” and „Har” or „B.P.” and „CH”. Since bibliographies appeared sequentially, it was the responsibility of each publisher to attach an explanation of the codes used to identify libraries and other institutions. Over the years, when a library has wanted to link to other libraries, it has adopted abbreviations used by respected reference works or invented its own abbreviations.
If the first waiting code on the NUC copy is DLC, DNLM, or DNAL, treat the cataloging as your own original cataloguing, not as LC, NLM, or DNAL (National Agricultural Library) cataloging. The OCLC symbol, MARC organization code, or the name of the organization(s) that created the original record, assigned the MARC content label, transcribed the document into machine-readable form, and/or modified an existing MARC record. For details on specific symbols and codes, see OCLC Library Directory, MARC Code List for Organizations, which also includes links to Canadian, British and German MARC organization code lists, or Interlibrary loan symbols and policies in Canada. The MARC organization code lookup can be performed with both valid and invalid codes. Because a standardized version of the valid MARC code is provided without hyphens or uppercase, it is not necessary to enter the correct combination of uppercase and lowercase letters when searching. Valid and invalid codes are clearly identified in the ADR organizational codes database. The International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations (ISIL), ISO 15511, assigns unique identifiers to libraries and related organizations such as archives and museums. The ISIL version of the MARC codes can be used in the same bibliographic and inventory fields as those filled in by the MARC organization codes. The Danish Agency for Culture is the registration authority and maintenance agency for ISO 15511. The Library of Congress is ISIL`s national record-giving agency for the United States. The ISIL standard specifies that a country code identifies the country where the library or associated organization is located at the time of ISIL`s assignment.
Therefore, the Library of Congress assigns ISIL codes only to organizations located in the United States. The country code consists of two capital letters according to the codes specified in ISO 3166-1. The ISO 3166-1 code for the United States is US. The ISIL codes assigned by the Library of Congress adopt the following structure, with the American prefix added to the MARC organization code (see below for more information on the structure of a MARC organization code): The 1996 edition of the list (the 15th since its inception) was published as the USMARC Code List for Organizations. The title of the 2000 edition of the list was changed to MARC Code List for Organizations, in recognition of the harmonization of USMARC and CanMARC in the new MARC 21 family of formats and the increased use of these codes in other MARC formats. Once you have requested a new code, processing usually takes up to 15 business days. The list of MARC codes for organizations is very dynamic. New codes are added regularly. Since the information contained in the requirements must be verified and incorporated into the ADR organization code database, a short delay between the time of application and the appearance of a new assigned code in the database is to be expected.
With the development of MARC formats for machine-readable data in the late 1960s, uses other than identifying holding institutions for organizational codes emerged. In machine-readable documents, organizational codes identify cataloguing agencies, document creators, entry institutions, updating institutions, agencies assigning records control numbers and other institution-specific data, in addition to inventories. Over the past decade, the use of institutional identifiers from the MARC code list for organizations has increased internationally, with many foreign requests for codes for national libraries and large academic libraries participating in U.S. projects. The list now includes nearly 6,000 codes for countries other than the United States. Organizations, nearly 19% of the total. The emergence of cooperative cataloguing projects that allow institutions to exchange machine-readable bibliographic information has further emphasized the importance of a unified system of organizational codes. In addition, interlibrary loan systems use extensive organizational codes. An International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations (ISIL) (ISO 15511) covers many characteristics of the codes in this MARC list. ISO 15511 was published in 2011. The Library of Congress currently serves as ISIL`s national registration agency for the United States.
For more information on ISIL codes, see above. If you are transcribing typed copies of the National Union Catalog (NUC), enter the OCLC symbol that corresponds to the first MARC organization code that appears on the copy in the ǂa subfield of field 040. If the OCLC symbol cannot be easily identified, enter the first MARC organization code that appears on the copy in subfield 040 ǂa. Type d in Srce. Note: The Library of Congress does not provide code search capabilities for countries that have their own reference agency.